Mechanisms of Reciprocal Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-Producing and Immune Systems: The Role of GnRH,Cytokines and Their Receptors in Early Ontogenesis in Normal and Pathological Conditions

Different aspects of the reciprocal regulatory influence on the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing- and immune systems in the perinatal ontogenesis and their functioning in adults in normal and pathological conditions are discussed. The influence of GnRH on the development of the immune system, on the one hand, and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, on the other hand, and their functioning in adult offspring are analyzed. We have focused on the effects of GnRH on the formation and functional activity of the thymus, as the central organ of the immune system, in the perinatal period. The main mechanisms of reciprocal regulation of these systems are discussed. The reproductive health of an individual is programmed by the establishment and development of physiological systems during critical periods. Regulatory epigenetic mechanisms of development are not strictly genetically controlled. These processes are characterized by a high sensitivity to various regulatory factors, which provides possible corrections for disorders.     

Spinal Excitatory Dynorphinergic Interneurons Contribute to Burn Injury-Induced Nociception Mediated by Phosphorylated Histone 3 at Serine 10 in Rodents

The phosphorylation of serine 10 in histone 3 (p-S10H3) has recently been demonstrated to participate in spinal nociceptive processing. However, superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons involved in p-S10H3-mediated nociception have not been fully characterized. In the present work, we combined immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization with the retrograde labeling of projection neurons to reveal the subset of dorsal horn neurons presenting an elevated level of p-S10H3 in response to noxious heat (60 °C), causing burn injury. Projection neurons only represented a small percentage (5%) of p-S10H3-positive cells, while the greater part of them belonged to excitatory SDH interneurons. The combined immunolabeling of p-S10H3 with markers of already established interneuronal classes of the SDH revealed that the largest subset of neurons with burn injury-induced p-S10H3 expression was dynorphin immunopositive in mice. Furthermore, the majority of p-S10H3-expressing dynorphinergic neurons proved to be excitatory, as they lacked Pax-2 and showed Lmx1b-immunopositivity. Thus, we showed that neurochemically heterogeneous SDH neurons exhibit the upregulation of p-S10H3 shortly after noxious heat-induced burn injury and consequential tissue damage, and that a dedicated subset of excitatory dynorphinergic neurons is likely a key player in the development of central sensitization via the p-S10H3 mediated pathway.     

D-limonene Inhibits Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure via Adenosine A2A Receptor Modulation on GABAergic Neuronal Activity

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the recurrence of seizures. One-third of patients with epilepsy may not respond to antiseizure drugs. Purpose: We aimed to examine whether D-limonene, a cyclic monoterpene, exhibited any antiseizure activity in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling mouse model and in vitro. Methods: PTZ kindling mouse model was established by administering PTZ (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to mice once every 48 h. We performed immunoblot blots, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis after the behavioral study. Results: An acute injection of PTZ (60 mg/kg) induced seizure in mice, while pretreatment with D-limonene inhibited PTZ-induced seizure. Repeated administration of PTZ (30 mg/kg) increased the seizure score gradually in mice, which was reduced in D-limonene (10 mg/kg)-pretreated group. In addition, D-limonene treatment increased glutamate decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) expression in the hippocampus. Axonal sprouting of hippocampal neurons after kindling was inhibited by D-limonene pretreatment. Moreover, D-limonene reduced the expression levels of Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4)-induced by PTZ. Furthermore, the adenosine A2A antagonist {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"SCH58261","term_id":"1052882304","term_text":"SCH58261"}}SCH58261 and ZM241385 inhibited anticonvulsant activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission-induced by D-limonene. Conclusion: These results suggest that D-limonene exhibits anticonvulsant activity through modulation of adenosine A2A receptors on GABAergic neuronal function.     

基于单神经元PID的真空炉自适应温度控制

根据真空热处理系统的特点,将单神经元PID控制算法应用到真空热处理系统的温度控制上。根据神经网络的非线性逼近能力和自学习自适应的特点,将单神经元网络与PID控制结合实现对真空炉温度的控制,以达到提高真空炉温度控制品质的目的。并通过计算机仿真软件进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明单神经元PID控制系统可以对控制参数自整定,其对温度控制更加稳健,具有更强的抗干扰能力和鲁棒性。经过搭建真空炉温度控制系统试验平台验证后发现,应用单神经元PID控制的真空炉系统的温升过程表现出了良好的稳定性,但是温度控制的响应速度和保温的精度略有下降。要想进一步提高温控品质,需要就单神经元PID控制方法在响应速度和控制精度上做进一步改进。     

一种适用于开关电容电路的MOS开关栅增压电路

提出了一种新的MOS器件栅增压电路,它在减小MOS开关导通电阻的同时,减少了衬偏效应以及MOS开关输出信号的失真. 该电路采用了0.13μm 1.2V/2.5V CMOS工艺,HSPICE的仿真结果表明该栅增压电路适用于高速低电压开关电容电路.     

图像制导中的一种改进增量学习RBF神经网络

为改进现有人工神经网络在图像制导系统的自动目标识别算法中的不足,加快收敛速度,通过对基于RBF神经网络自动目标识别技术的研究,提出以隐层神经元价值函数作为指标的生长修剪策略,构造出一种基于增量学习的网络资源分配网络(IL-RAN),对目标进行了在线实时识别。仿真结果表明,利用该改进算法可产生规模较小的网络,并使得网络参数的选择与识别误差建立了联系,减少了总体的计算量,计算时间也大大缩短。     

高压LDMOS场极板的分析与设计

场板是高压LDMOS中普遍使用的一种结终端技术,对单阶梯LDMOS场板的长度、其下方氧化层厚度以及场氧侵蚀厚度等参数进行了模拟和分析,在此基础上设计了一种新型体硅双阶梯场板LDMOS,并对其具体参数进行了细致的模拟和分析.模拟结果表明,双阶梯场板LDMOS的击穿电压比单阶梯场板LDMOS提高了15.3%,导通电阻降低了17.1%,电流驱动能力也提高了8.5%.     

基于双模控制算法的交流伺服电机的研究

为了提高伺服电机控制的实时性和精确性,满足伺服系统高速度和高精度的控制要求,提出一种自适应神经元模糊PID的交流伺服电机控制算法。该算法充分结合模糊PD控制的强鲁棒性和神经网络控制强大的自学习能力。通过对仿真结果对比分析,结合后的控制算法相比单一的模糊PD算法和单神经元自适应算法,系统的响应速度更快,精度更高。     

三维图像栈中神经末梢点的自动检测

作为神经元追踪算法的种子点,神经元的末梢点的检测非常关键。此前的研究提出了一种基于发散射线模型(rayshooting model)的检测方法,通过分析神经元图像中候选末梢点附近邻域的灰度强度分布来检测神经元的末梢点。然而,在此模型中,射线的长度以及z方向切片的数量都是固定值,所以在处理一些神经元直径尺寸变化较大的图像时,算法的准确性很受影响。因此,提出了一种可以根据神经元局部直径大小来改变射线长度以及相邻切片数量的自适应发散射线模型,神经元的局部直径由一种结合了Rayburst sampling算法及MSFM(multistencils fast marching)算法的方法测得。实验结果表明,与之前的方法相比,检测精度提高了约10%。